Meredith Sue Willis

Dear Writer,

This page has various pieces of information and links to other sites that I hope will be helpful to you. If you come to this as a complete amateur-- and keep in mind that amateur means you do something for the love of it-- you will find some basic ideas about getting published and the book business. For others, there are lots of odds and ends that you can find by scanning the topics in the column at the left.

The ideal publishing situation, which has become increasingly hard to achieve, is to get a literary agent to represent your work. The agent sells the finished book manuscript to a commercial publisher, and the editor at the publishing house works with you to perfect the book. And you, the writer, get paid. Usually, you get 10-15% of the cover price of each book that sells, and your agent gets 10% of everything you make on the book. This scenario has become more and more difficult to turn into reality. Even a published writer often discovers that if the first book doesn't become a best seller, then the publisher may turn down the second book.

More and more people have begun to pay for their own editing and even publishing their own work-- often before it's fully ready. Before going to a book doctor or private editor, and certainly before self-publishing, I'd strongly suggesting taking a class or joining a writing group for mutual critique, or just getting friends to read your manuscript for reactions and suggestions. I've belonged to a group of writers for about 25 years who get together every two weeks to critique one another's work. But non-writers can give excellent suggestions, especially about what seems to be missing or if there are things that don't make sense.

There is a lot of good material on the web and also lots of good books about writing. Explore, have fun, and good luck--

-- MSW

The back pages of these two publications have information about contests, literary magazines, and many other matters of interest to writers:

Poets & Writers Magazine
Poets & Writers
72 Spring Street
New York, NY 10012
http://www.pw.org/

Writers Chronicle
Associated Writing Programs
Tallwood House Mail Stop IE3
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030
http://www.awpwriter.org/

For more commercially oriented information, try:

The Writer Magazine
http://www.writermag.com/wrt/

And

Writers Digest
1507 Dana Avenue
Cincinnati, OH 45207
http://www.writersdigest.com/

You might also want to take a look at

Writers' Journal

Also useful is Writers Digest's yearly publication Writer's Market.

Writers' Conferences

Start with the listings at NewPagesat http://www.newpages.com/writing-conferences/
Or the Associated Writing Programs list at http://writersconf.org/

Copyright information:

Copyright

Free advice for writers:

(By the way, I don't necessarily agree with all this advice, but it's fun to read!)

Elmore Leonard's Ten Rules of Writing

Here's a free article from Book Doctor Carol Gaskin called "The Top Five Errors of New Writers." Click here for article.

Sol Stein (editor, novelist, teacher, developer of how-to-write software) shares advice he gave famous writers.

Vonda McIntyre the science fiction writer has some wonderful, funny pitfalls of novel writing at http://www.sff.net/people/Vonda/Pitfalls.htp

Improving your style

The Fog Index-- check how clear your writing is!

Readability Tests!

Places to Study Writing

There are many, many places to study writing both in person and online. Check your local area for adult school classes. The places I know best are in the New York-New Jersey area, but there are also a lot of possibilities online, including my occasional online classes. I will only list places here that I know at least a little about, or have heard something about from people I know. Mention here, however, does not constitute a recommendation by MSW. Please send your recommendion to Meredith Sue Willis for inclusion here.

The Writers Studio has been around for twenty years and has in-person classes in New York and San Francisco plus online classes. Some people swear by it, but others say that the exercises, which are good, take all your writing time. Certainly worth looking into.

I teach at NYU's School of Continuing and Professional Studies Center for Writing and Speech and it has a full range of courses that range from basic creative writing to advanced poetry, nonfiction and fiction. Very complete and solid. The New School (also in New York City) offers a similar panoply of classes, as do Columbia University and other universities and colleges.

Gotham Writers' Workshop offers both online writing classes and in person classes. They run a tremendous number of sections, and, like the Writers Studio, some people swear by them and others find the classes unmemorable. This probably has to do with which teacher you get. They have several levels for most classes and pretty strict rules about how their classes are run, including what they call "The Booth," which is a technique that requires the writer to listen and not defend his or her writing. I do the same thing in my classes, only I call it listening to what people have to say.

Another New York City area place to study writing is the Sackett Street Writers' Workshop in Brooklyn. The instructors all have MFAs, and the website says that "classes are held in instructors’ brownstone apartments in Carroll Gardens."

A new online place for writing classes is WriteFine.

My online courses, usually short, and always scheduled at my own whim. That is to say, once I set up a class, I stick to my schedule, but I run them irregularly.

Sources of Literature Online

These are generally classics that are out of copyright, but at this point you can find almost anything in that category on the web. Shop around, as some are more readable than others.

Read Print New and very readable, a couple of Google ads at the top of the page.

Bartleby One of the first of these online libraries

Quotations: Mostly Writers on Writing:

Lewis Hyde writes about art and the market economy: ".....there are categories of human enterprise that are not well organized or supported by market forces. Family life, religious life, public service, pure science, and of course much artistic practice: none of these operates very well when framed simply in terms of exchange value. The second assumption follows: any community that values these things will find nonmarket ways to organized them. It will develop gift-exchange institutions dedicated to their support.

– Lewis Hyde, “On Being Good Ancestors,” The Gift (New York: Vintage, 1979-2007) pp 379-379.

Grace Paley once said in an interview, "I'm an ear believer--I think the ear is smarter than the eye. The experience of reading your work aloud in a class carries you back to that original impulse, 'I want to tell you something.' 'What did you want to tell me? Tell me.' When you tell a story, it's your voice telling a story. You really can hear what's wrong with it. People think you can just sort of smear over it, but that's not true. What I'm trying to do is to remind students they have two ears. One is the ear that listens to their own ordinary life, their family and the street they live on, and the other is the tradition of English literature."

Lewis Hyde writes about art as not being part of the market economy: ".....there are categories of human enterprise that are not well organized or supported by market forces. Family life, religious life, public service, pure science, and of course much artistic practice: none of these operates very well when framed simply in terms of exchange value. The second assumption follows: any community that values these things will find nonmarket ways to organized them. It will develop gift-exchange institutions dedicated to their support.

– Lewis Hyde, “On Being Good Ancestors,” The Gift (New York: Vintage, 1979-2007) pp 379-379.

For me there is no such thing as fiction without poetry and politics. If you excise either one, you have taken the heart of us all. You won't get rich following my advice, but you may come up with something close to true..

-- Walter Mosley

[Charles Dickens and H.G. Wells ] are, both, humorists and visualizers who get an effect by cataloguing details and whisking the page over irritably. They are generous-minded; they hate shams and enjoy being indignant about them; they are valuable social reformers; they have no notion of confining books to a library shelf. Sometimes the lively surface of their prose scratches like a cheap gramophone record, a certain poorness of quality appears, and the face of the author draws rather too near to that of the reader. In other words, neither of them has much taste: the world of beauty was largely closed to Dickens, and is entirely closed to Wells.

-- E.M. Forster in Aspects of the Novel

“The two most engaging powers of an author are, to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.”

-- attributed to Samuel Johnson, in reference to Pope’s Rape of the Lock

"I don’t know if Native Son is a good book or a bad book. And I don’t know if the book I’m working on now will be a good book or a bad book. And I really don’t care. The mere writing of it will be more fun and a deeper satisfaction than any praise or blame from anybody."

-- Richard Wright

"Taking a book off the brain...is akin to the ticklish & dangerous business of taking an old painting off a panel--you have to scrape off the whole brain in order to get at it with due safety--&even then, the painting may not be worth the trouble."

-- Herman Melville

A story is...."a narrative of events arranged in their time sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality. 'The king died, and then the queen died,' is a story. 'The king died, and then the queen died of grief,' is a plot. The time-sequence is preserved, but the sense of causality overshadows it. Or again: 'The queen died, no one knew why, until it was discovered that it was through grief at the death of the king.' This is a plot with a mystery in it, a form capable of high development. It suspends the time-sequence, it moves as far away from the story as limitations will allow. Consider the death of the queen. If it is in a story, we say, 'and then?' If it is in a plot we ask, 'why?'"

-- E.M. Forster in Aspects of the Novel

People don't turn themselves over to writers as full-blown literary characters– generally they give you very little to go on and, after the impact of the initial impression, are barely any help at all. Most people (beginning with the novelist– himself, his family, just about everyone he knows) are absolutely unoriginal, and his job is to make them appear otherwise. It's not easy. If Henry was ever going to turn out to be interesting, I was going to have to do it.

– Phillip Roth (as Zuckerman) Counterlife

...Coming back and reading what I have produced, I am unable to detect the difference between what came easily and when I had to sit down and say, "Well, now it's writing time and now I'll write." There's no difference on paper between the two.
— Frank Herbert, author of Dune

Articles of interest to writers:

A book review about a book about the state of publishing: "The Business of Books, by André Schiffrinby Meredith Sue Willis.

On politics and poetry in fiction writing by Walter Mosley

Cantara Christopher's article on a possible future of publishing:
The New Publishing Paradigm

Article about digital versus conventional publishing.

Resurgence of interest in readings and lectures? See article

Free writing exercises! Need a jump start? Try one of Meredith Sue Willis's ideas for writing.

Vonda McIntyre the science fiction writer has some wonderful, funny pitfalls of novel writing at http://www.sff.net/people/Vonda/Pitfalls.htp .

Need names?

20,000 names at http://20000-names.com/

Random name generator at : http://www.kleimo.com/random/name

For Women

Check out the International Women's Writing Guild

Feminist Literary Journals

(Thanks to Suzanne McConnell)

Calyx
Box B
Corvallis, OR 97339
Reads from Oct. 1 to Dec. 15

Mary Sue Koeppel, Editor
Kalliope
3939 Roosevelt Blvd.
Jacksonville, Fl. 32205

Caroline Zuschek, Fiction Editor (07)
So To Speak
SUB 1 Rm 254A
George Mason University
4400 University Dr. MSN 2C5
Fairfax, VA 22030

13th Moon
http://www.albany.edu/13thMoon/13mmag.htm

THESE BELOW ARE OLD, SO CHECK THEM BEFORE SENDIN

IRIS: A Journal about Women
Fiction Editor
Box 323 HSC
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22908

The Editors
Earth's Daughters
P.O. Box 41
Buffalo, NY 14215

Room of One's Own (Canada's oldest fem. mag)

Some Small Presses:

Academy Chicago http://www.academychicago.com/. Don't use electronic means of getting in touch with them.

Black Heron http://blackheron.mav.net/

Brighid's Fire Books specializes in first fiction.

Bright Hill Press http://www.brighthillpress.org/

Carolina Wren Press http://www.carolinawrenpress.org/index.html Andrea Selch, president, carolinawrenpress@earthlinknet

Chronicle Books http://www.chroniclebooks.com/site/catalog/

Coffee House Press http://www.coffeehousepress.org/

Four Walls http://www.fourwallseightwindows.com/

Ghost Road Press http://www.ghostroadpress.com

Grey Wolf http://www.graywolfpress.org/

Iris Publishing Group (Iris Press and Tellico Books) has been run by Robert Cumming for more than ten years and publishes writers like Ron Rash,Cathy Smith Bowers, and Jon Manchip White. They plan 10 books for 2007. Lately they have done more literary fiction and at least one work of nonfiction.

Leapfrog http://www.leapfrogpress.com/

Marsh Hawk Press is committed especially to publishing poetry that has an affinity to the visual arts. The artistic advisory board includes Toi Derricotte, Marilyn Hacker, Allan Kornblum, Alicia Ostriker, David Shapiro, John Yau, and Anne Waldman.

Midlist http://www.midlist.org/

MotesBooks is a new educational and literary press. The publisher is Kate Larken.

Nightboat at http://www.nightboat.org

Press 53 http://www.press53.com/ Small literary press, some emphasis on North Carolina and Appalachian writers, but much broader. Reprinting novels by John Ehle.

Pudding House http://www.puddinghouse.com/

Red Hen http://www.redhen.org/

Sarabande http://www.sarabandebooks.org/

Shoemaker & Hoard has a wonderful list that includes Wendell Berry and Donald Barthelme, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Anne Lamott, and Romulus Linney among many others. Publisher Jack Shoemaker was the cofounder, editor, and publisher of North Point Press and Counterpoint Press. See the webpage at http://www.shoemakerhoard.com/about.html

Toby Press http://www.tobypress.com/

Wind Press at http://windpub.com publishes poetry of the Appalachian region.

Word Press publishes poetry.

Publishers Specializing in Nonfiction and Self-Help

Morgan James Publishing is a new model publisher that works cooperatively with authors of nonfiction and self-help only. So don't take them your literary work, but do check them out if you have a high concept idea for a book on how to do something.

Literary Agents

Some basic information about agents can be found on the Poets & Writers website at literary agents. A big commercial publication about literary agents is Writers Guide to Book Editors, Publishers, and Literary Agents by Jeff Herman. Prima Publishing P.O. Box 1260BK Rocklin, CA 95677 (916) 632-4400.

Literary Agents of North America is the most comprehensive alphabetical listing of over 800 U.S. and Canadian literary agencies. It can be found in most libraries, or from: Author Aid/ Research Associates International 340 E. 52nd Street New York, NY 10022

Reputable agents often join the Association of Authors' Representatives (see their website ) Here's another site with AAR agents listed: http://www.publication.com/aylad/aaragent4.htm (This group was formed in 1991 through the merger of the Society of Authors' Representatives, founded in 1928, and the Independent Literary Agents Association, founded in 1977.

To get up-to-date free information about which agents are selling what, go to Publishers Lunch Free newsletter on publishing deals, and the Publishers Weekly "Hot deals."

Other Online resources. Most have links to other resources as well:

Best All Around Resource:
New Pages

More (bold face for my favorites):

Aeonix.com Good site with lots of links for small presses.

Authorlink.com

Booksinprint.com

Bookwire.com

Duotrope allows you to put in information and it searches for the magazines that might publish your piece!

DUSTBOOKS is one of the oldest (1964) and best sources of books on publishing. I have used their directories of small presses and little magazines for years.

For Writers.com

How to Do Things Articles on all kinds of subjects--not only writing, but the writing articles include items like "How to Write Flash Fiction" and "How to Choose a Workshop." Worth looking at.

Literary Marketplace.com

New Pages Excellent site with all kinds of magazines to submit etc.

Poets & Writers.org

The Practicing Writer "Supporting the craft and business of excellent writing"

Publishers Weekly.com

Sensible Solutions.com

Short short novels: Here's something interesting: a site for writing novels in 25 words or less: http://espressostories.com/

Winning Writers.com A site about poetry contests.

The Writer

Writers Digest

Writers.net

Contests to beware of:

These sites have massive mailing campaigns and try to part aspiring writers from their money: poetry.com (also uses names Watermark Press, International Library of Poetry, and International Society of Poets); Circle of Poets, League of American Poets, FamousPoets.com, and Noble House Publishers (not to be confused with the American LIterary Press's Noble House in Baltimore.)

Sites for genre writers:

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America

Children's Book Writers and Illustrators

Romance Writers of America

Harlequin also has a nice site with information about how to write romance novels. More Harlequin hints here.

If you Write for children:

Children's Book Writers and Illustrators

The Rutgers University Council on Children's Literature and their famous Rutgers One-on-One Plus conference with children's editors, agents, writers and more.

How long should a novel be?

The categories of prose fiction do not have precise lengths. Publishers of novels generally like manuscripts of at least 80,000 words and no more than 120,000. This is clearly a rule that is often broken. Since a double spaced manuscript page runs 250 to 300 words, this means a manuscript of 250 to 350 pages. This turns into considerably less as a printed book– maybe 200 to 300 book pages.

A short story is usually 2000 to 7000 words (less than 10,000 words); a short short is 1000 to 1500 words. A novella is 15,000 to 40,000 words (in science fiction, for certain awards, between 17,500 and 40,000). There is also in science fiction a form called novelette for contest purposes that runs 7500 to 15,000 words. In literary fiction, people would probably call something of that length a long story.

Generally, a memoir, personal narrative, or collection of linked short stories is treated like fiction for length.

Prose Fiction Lengths

Here's another way of counting :

Flash fiction or vignette: Up to 500 words (1 - 2 double spaced pages, one inch margins, 12 point Times New Roman or similar font)

Short short 500 - 2000 words (2 - 9 pages)

Short Story 2000 to 7,000 words ( 10 - 30 pages)

Long Story 7,000 to 14,000 words (30-60 pages)

Novella 14,000 to 40,000 words (60 - 175 pages)

Novel 40,000 words and up (175 plus pages)

Short Story Definition

The Short Story has its origins in oral story-telling and in the verbal sketches of situations called anecdotes. Some stories are more like miniature novels, with exposition, rising action, and a turning point or climax. They are, however, generally less complex than a novel, focused on a single plot and setting, a brief period of time, and a handful of characters. A contemporary short story typically starts in the middle of the action (in medias res), and many modern short stories also end abruptly or leave things hanging. Lengths vary, but typically a short story runs as long as 7000 or perhaps 8,000 words, with shorter more usual.

Showing and Telling

Anyone who has every taken a writing class has probably heard about Show and Tell. Often, we're told it's better to "show" ("His smile was brilliant and toothy, and his laugh was deep and welcoming") than to "tell" ("He was nice.") This is true part of the time but not always. I don't want a writer to show me every action a character takes upon rising in the morning (brand of tooth paste, how she turns the door knob...) unless there's a reason. Sometimes a summary is better. I like to think in terms of learning when to tell or summarize, and when to show or dramatize in a scene. Both things are part of writing narrative, and knowing when to use which is one of the most important things to learn. Here are some examples of successful scene and summary at http://www.meredithsuewillis.com/materials.html#scenesummary .

Process and Product

A review in 2-27-08 New York Times Book Review of an unfinished novel by Richard Wright makes the point that (a) this should never have been published because (b) it is a very rough draft, and while drafts are an essential part of the process of writing, they are not finished products. Wright is, of course, one of our really fine American writers-- if you haven't read Black Boy and Native Son, I recommend them highly.

Notes on How to Revise a Manuscript

After you've drafted your prose narrative manuscript (story, memoir, novel), or at least drafted a substantial portion of it, try some of these steps for revision:

• Add material to enrich– and to learn more. This should be done early and often

• Ask yourself if you’ve put in all the things that a reader needs. What is missing will depend on each writer’s strength, weaknesses, and methods of drafting, but might include anything from feelings (do the characters show how they are reacting to events?) to essential background facts (will your readers born in 1980 have heard of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade?).

• Go through your manuscript to see if the essential conflicts have been dramatized. This is an especially good technique for improving flat or boring dialogue, to add drama.

• Cut your material so that only the best parts (adjectives, images, lines of dialogue) stand out.

• Cut even more out of respect for the reader’s time.

• Make changes to fit your audience. This can be permanent (if I decide to make my story for young adults, I may have to get rid of explicit sex) or temporary (I decide to make a short version for a reading when I only have 15 minutes).

• Revise action scenes and other narrative sections for logistics. Is it easy to visualize the physical movement of the men having the fist fight? Is the city street where the fight takes place described in a way that makes it easy to picture? Are the parts of the fight described in the best order?

• Revise for continuity or consistency. Did the character change eye color between page 10 and page 210? Indeed, did the character’s motivation change in a way not consistent with the events in the story?

• Revise for style: are your verbs active? Do they carry more weight than your adjectives?

• Polish (correct grammar, typos, and format) to get the most respectful response from readers – especially potential agents, editors, and contest judges. If you can’t spell, you may need to ask your aunt-the-retired school teacher to go over it. There are also editors for hire who will do this work.

• Read through the entire manuscript in order, as a reader would. Read fairly rapidly for style, shape, and rhythm.

• Put it away and come back later. There is nothing like time passing for getting perspective on your manuscript. Write something else, too, a story, an article. Anything to get some distance on your novel.

Thanks to many people for contributions to this list, including: June Adler, Chuck Arguello, John Birch, Nicole Dweck, Richard Errington, Kyle Frisina, Yorker Kageyama, Mark Podolsky, Olugbenga Opesanwo, and Andrew Silver.

Book doctors, writing consultants, editors, and coaches:

(Listing here does not constitute a recommendation by Meredith Sue Willis. In some cases, however, there is a personal recommendation from students I know. The fees for these editors and coaches vary considerably, but an hourly rate of $60 to $75 or $.009 a word is not atypical. Prices for a 400 page manuscript, for example, hover around $1400, more or less depending on various factors, including the fame of the editor.)

Paulette Alden: "Critiques short stories, novels and memoirs" – http://www.paulettealden.com

Betty Snyder Bedell: "I specialize in work by women" – http://bedell.bizland.com

Bluestocking Ink: "Specializing in African-American fiction, poetry, and essays....Editing, proofreading, plot and character development." http://www.bluestockingink.net

Carolyn Bly, Private Writing Consulting, is the author of several books of fiction as well as Beyond the Writers' Workshop and Against Workshopping Manuscripts. See her website.

Barrie Jean Borich: "Craft focused private instruction" – http://www.barriejeanborich.net

Susan Borkin: "Coach approach" – http://www.susanborkin.com

Charis Conn is an editorial and writing consultant. She is a writer herself as well as an experienced editor. I heard her speak at the North Wildwood Beach Writers Conference and very impressed with her practical and warm personality. Get in touch by email at charisc@earthlink.

The Editorial Department at http://www.editorialdepartment.com/ claims to be the oldest independent editorial firm in existence. They were founded by Renni Browne, co-editor of Self-Editing for Fiction Writers

Carol Gaskin, Editorial Alchemy. "Professional editor, literary midwife, award-winning author...offers extensive critiques, tutorials, revisions, support." http://www.editorialalchemy.com . Phone 941-377-7640; email: Carol@EditorialAlchemy.com This book doctor comes highly recommended by students from my novel writing classes at NYU and others. One student says, she is "worth every penny," and another says "Carol Gaskin was a marvelous choice and I think she really helped me make it shine. "

Hollywood Writers Studio: "Adapt novels and stories into screenplays" http://www. HollywoodWritersStudio.com

Dave King, coauthor of Self-Editing for Fiction Writers, does private editing. His web page is http://www.davekinged.com/ .

Scribendi: "Editors available 24/7" http://www.scribendi.com/

Words into Print calls elf "an alliance of independent book editors and consultants offering a wide variety of services to writers....Each editor has approximately twenty years experience with leading New York trade book publishers or in the television and film industries....Our aim is to provide whatver help or advice writers may seek in their efforts to have material successfully published." See their website at http://www.wordsintoprint.org/ I don't know these folks' work, but I met two of them at the AWP Conference in New York in 2008, and they seemed highly professional and eager to answer questions.

Writers Consultant: "Teacher of widely-published, award-winning authors" – http://www.writersconsultant.com

Publicizing Your Book

Whether you publish with a huge commercial press or with a small co-operative, in 2008 you are generally expected to participate in publicicizing your book. I hope to add ideas here as tome goes on, but just to get you loosened up as you think of this, consider....

Cakes!

( Learn more about Frances Madeson's comic novel Cooperative Village here."

Hooks and more:

http://www.publishingbasics.com/2008/04/17/publicize-your-novel-2/

Notes on Magical Realism

[From an article by Scott Elliott: “Warranted Magic: Writing and Discussing Magical Realism,” The Writer’s Chronicle, Volume 40, Number 6, May/Summer 2008, pp. 42 - 49.]

The term “Magical Realism” was coined in 1925 as a way to name the post-expressionist art produced in Weimar, Germany. It was first used for a kind of fascination with objects and a kind of magic that comes out of the objects themselves. Later, especially with Latin American fiction, it was used to describe writing with mythic and supernatural things and events.

Scott Elliott in the article referred to above suggests it is “an organic relationship between the extraordinary and the ordinary” that stretches the confines of traditional realism. Usually, early in the writing, even in the first line, there will be “clues that commonly accepted verities will be blurred, exaggerated, or played with.” (42)

A good example of Magical Realism would be Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. Other examples include the Henry James’s story “The Jolly Corner;” Toni Morrison’s novels Song of Solomon and Beloved; Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian; and Nathaniel Hawthorne in his tales of Puritan New England.

The problem with writing magical realism– as with fantasy and experimental fiction– is to avoid the looseness of Anything Goes. How can you talk about Magical Realism? How judge its success beyond liking or disliking a particular work? Elliott suggests looking for the “warrant,” the thing that connects it (its “claim”) to the grounds and/or reasons for the thing (46). Thus one asks, Are the magical elements here warranted? What in this story requires the supernatural? The warrant is the “organic, connective tissue binding marvelous or magical elements to psychological truths.” (46)

Bibliography of Books about Writing

Comments in quotations by various colleagues and students. If there are no quotation marks or other indication, the comments are by MSW.

Beginnings, Middles, and Ends. Writer's Digest Books, Cincinnati, OH.

Bernays and Painter. What If?: Writing Exercises for Fiction Writers, ;Harper Perennial, New York, 1990.

Bickham, Jack M., Scene and Structure. 1993.

Booth, Wayne C., The Rhetoric of Fiction, Second Edition, University ;of Chicago, 1983.

Bradbury, Ray, Zen in the Art of Writing, Bantam, NY 1990.

Buchman and Groves, The Writer's Digest Guide to Manuscript ;Formats. Writers Digest Books, Cincinnati, OH.

Burroway, Janet. Writing Fiction: A Guide to Narrative Craft. Many ;editions, HarperCollins.

Chatman, Seymour, Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in ;Fiction and Film. Cornell, Ithaca 1978.

Dillard, Annie, The Writing Life.

Edelstein, Scott, Manuscript Submission. Writer's Digest Books, ;Cincinnati, OH, 1989.|

Elbow, Peter. Writing With Power, Oxford, New York, 1981.

Fugard, Athol, Tsotsi.

Gardner, John, The Art of Fiction: Notes on Craft for Young Writers. ;Vintage, 1991.

Goldberg, Natalie, Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within, Shambala, Boston 1986. Also her Wild Mind.

Kundera, Milan, The Art of the Novel, HarperCollins, 1986.

The Literary Press and Magazine Directory 2006/2007: The Only Directory for the Serious Writer of Fiction and Poetry, Soft Skull Press, 2006. ISBN: 1933368160

Meredith, Robert, From Basic Idea to Finished Manuscript, Harper and Row, 1972.

Novel & Short Story Writer's Market 2007, 26th edition, by Lauren Mosko (Editor), Michael Schweer (Editor), Writers Digest Books, 2006. ISBN: 1582974306

Rockwell, F.A., How to Write Plots That Sell

Rodale, J.I. , The Synonym Finder , Warner Books, 1978. Recommended by a veteran journalist and writer of thrillers.

Sexton, Adam, Master Class in Fiction Writing: Lessons from ; Austen, Hemingway, and Others, McGraw-Hill, 2005. Excellent book on learning the tricks of the fiction writing trade by reading the masters from a well-known writer and teacher of writing.

Shertzer, Margaret, The Elements of Grammar, Collier Books. Recommended by a veteran journalist and writer of thrillers.

Stein, Sol, How to Grow a Novel: The Most Common Mistakes ;Writers Make and How to Overcome Them.

Sol Stein, Stein on Writing . "Author of nine novels, publisher, teacher and editor (he’s edited the work of James Baldwin, Jack Higgins, Lionel Trilling, W.H.Auden and Dylan Tomas), knows more than a thing or two about writing fiction. His 320-page book STEIN ON WRITING (ISBN 0312136080) has invaluable advice on every aspect of writing a novel."

Strunk, William and White, E.B., The Elements of Style, Macmillan, ;Many editions.

Willis, Meredith Sue. Blazing Pencils: A Guide to Writing Fiction & Essays, Teachers & Writers, New York, 1991; Deep Revision: A Guide for Teachers, Students, and Other Writers, T eachers & Writers, New York, 1993; and Personal Fiction Writing, Teachers & Writers, New York, 2001.

Ueland, Brenda, If You Want to Write

Types of Publishing; Pros and Cons of Self Publishing

Types of Publisher (A Publishing Continuum): Commercial; University presses/ larger small presses; Small Presses; Micro-mini presses; Co-operative Presses; Self-publishing; POD companies; Vanity Presses

Commercial Press: Gives you: advances! Puts you on T.V.! Author tour-- but-- sometimes no commitment at all. They often demand you do your own publicity, and they will drop you fast if your book does not sell a lot of copies very rapidly.

University press and large "small" press: Vary considerably: may make a real commitment, or not. Usually pay low advances or even none, but do pay royalties. They often give little publicity, but are in many ways the mainstay of literature at the present time.

Small press: No cost to you, usually, but little profit either. They will expect in-kind support (set up your own readings, send out your own publicity). A good resource for more information for small presses is http://www.aeonix.com

Micro-mini press: No advance, possibly some shared costs with the writer. Like others, this type of press expects the author to do publicity and share the work.

Co-operative publishing: Shared costs and labor by a group-- often author owned, run, and managed (Otherwise, like micro-minis and small pressess).

Self-publishing: Join the likes of Lord Byron, Walt Whitman, and Anaïs Nin. You have to do everything, and might use a conventional printing press or print-on-demand technology. Note: Important distinction a technology called "print-on-demand," used by great conglomerates like Random house as well as tiny micro-mini presses, and POD companies. For more on this topic, see below.

POD companies like Xlibris, Iuniverse, 1stbook, and others will, for a reasonable cost, print anyone's book. They have lots of packages with rapidly escalating prices for fancy covers etc. Reviewers and bookstores tend to be suspicious of these companies, which make their prof by accommodating authors more than by selling books.

Vanity Presses: Expensive and very low prestige. In most cases, avoid them. (Dorrance, Vantage).

Self-Publishing and Print-on-Demand

Self-publishing has always been a respectable option for writers who can't find a satisfactory commercial publisher. In self-publishing, the author does all the work, from having a cover made to finding a printer. Vanity publishing (sometimes called subsidy publishing), on the other hand, has a somewhat unsavory reputation. A Vanity Publisher does all the work for an author in exchange for a hefty fee.

The ideal is a commercial publisher who will pay the author for her or his work, giving royalties or other compensation. Such a publisher expects to make some profit on the sale of the author's books, and is thus willing to pay for review copies, advertising, attractive covers, etc. Now, however, well into the twenty-first century, getting a commercial book publisher can be extremely difficult – even for books that would have been considered commercial twenty-five years ago. For a quick outline of why, read André Schiffrin's book The Business of Books, or, for a précis of his argument, see my review of it at http://www.ethicalreview.org/articles/bookbusiness.html .

Falling between self-publishing and vanity publishing is an option called POD for "print-on-demand," which is actually the name of the technology it uses. The print-on-demand technology is a means of digitalizing books and printing one book at a time or many books at a time. The technology creates trade paperbacks that are indistinguishable from those printed by conventional offset presses. These books can be prepared to print for less than $100. Many commercial and small publishers use this technology to keep books in print that sell in small numbers or to bring into print books with niche markets. Without knowing it, you may have ordered a book from a large or small press that was printed by the print-on-demand technology. Large commercial presses and small presses with very selective standards are openly and unapologetically using this technology as a way around the enormous costs of warehousing large print runs of their books.

The POD companies, however, are large profit-making businesses who use the POD technology and work in much the same way as vanity publishers, but at less cost. Like vanity publishers, the POD companies generally work with amateur authors. There are exceptions: the Author's Guild, for example, a professional authors' organization, uses IUniverse to bring members' out-of-print books back into print.

The POD companies take care of all the details for the author and offer many different packages and services. Like the vanity publishers, they don't do much publicity, but they do list your book on their web site and often link it to Amazon.com and other outlets. They have attractive web sites and enticing packages, some priced very reasonably, as well as lots of fancy ways of separating the author from more money.

There is another problem: setting up your book is reasonably priced, but but if your intention is to sell copies yourself at readings or other events, it costs a LOT to buy copies of your own book from the POD companies. The standard author discount from a commercial or noncommercial publisher is 40%-- so I just bought copies of my book ORADELL AT SEA which sells for $15 retail at $9 each-- I'll sell them at readings etc. maybe even at a discount, and still make a little. The POD companies will charge you much more, so buying copies becomes an issue.

Some of the best known POD companies like http://www.iuniverse.com and http://www.authorhouse.com/are now part of AuthorSolutions.com . They also have a Do-it-yourself subsidiary called Wordclay , apparently designed to compete with Ron Pramshufer’s Self-Publishing.com and Lulu.com. For a blog on the experience of publishing with Lulu go to http://www.hyperorg.com/backissues/joho-aug21-06.html#hundred . Finally, here's an online version of an article (and review) from The American Book Review by Rochelle Ratner and one from PC M agazine at http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,1045933,00.asp.

In sum, the POD producers are not a scam: they do what they promise, but read the fine print. Generally, even if you find ways to sell the books published with these companies, you still have to pay rather a lot to buy books to resell. Read also the following online article from Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Inc. about possible dangers of using the POD publishers: http://www.sfwa.org/beware/printondemand.html.

Another article with a personal experience (and a blurb for Self-Publishing.com) is Jeannette Stricklen's piece “Writers—Beware of Subsidy Publishers, Vanity Publishers, and Poetry Websites ."

Some POD publishers that people I know have worked with:

-- Book Locker at http://booklocker.com/

-- Infinity Publishing at http://www.infinitypublishing

-- Lulu at http://www.lulu

-- The Virtual Bookworm

-- www.Blurb.com

-- www.createspace.com (this is Amazon's business)

One-Book-at-a-Time Printers (not POD Publishers)

Better than self-publishing, if you have the inclination, is to form your own small press with other people. This requires a dedication to literature and other people's works beyond your own book. If you do this, you will be entering a respectable and even admirable tradition of small presses. You also approch book producing companies-- printers, not publishers-- as you and your colleagues are the publisher. More and more book producers do both conventional printing and one-book-at-a-time printing, using the same technology as the POD companies. These companies may require your group to prove that you are a press, not an individual. You will be responsible for getting your own ISBN numbers and registering your copyright-- very doable, if you have a group to share responsibilities. Lightning Source, Inc., for example, welcomes small presses and is helpful as long as the small press acts reasonably professional.

Conventional/Mixed Printers

Most printing companies, whatever type of press they use, work from digital files, so it hardly matter, as long as the final book looks good.

One good printing company is Morris Publishing. You'll have to buy 500 or 1000 books at $1.50 to $4.00 each, so this is a fairly large investment that you then have to store as well as distribute.

Another full service printer with a long history and a reputation for being helpful to everyone is Edwards Brothers . Edwards also does Print-on-Demand ultra-short-run printing.

Two more conventional printers are McNaughton &Gunn, Inc. and Whitehall Printing Company

Also, look into 48hrbooks.com/ , who seem easy to use, friendly, and not unreasonably price-- and will happily do smaller numbers of books.

Getting Your Own Web Page

If you don't have a web presence yet, you really ought to. To get your feet wet, you might try one of the free (meaning with ads) webpages at places like Geocities Yahoo. Click here to see one that I set up in about 5 minutes. I don't especially like it-- especially not the ads-- but it is REALLY quick and REALLY easy to do. If you can fill in info to buy stuff on the web, you can do this. Also consider buying the domain name with your name--thus, I own meredithsuewillis.com. You can get these at several places, including www.domainbank.com .

Another web host that has been recommended to me makes things easy and cheap for you: Homestead.com. Some people use the free Blog spaces as their presence on the web (one that a lot of people use is Blogger), too. But one way or another, the Web is rapidly becoming an important place for writers to get a pieds-à-terre, or is it a
pied-à-cyberspace?

Online and hard copy publications that publish fiction:

Avery http://www.averyanthology.org/

Big City Lit http://www.nycBigCityLit.com

Black Bird www.blackbird.vcu.edu publishes poetry, fiction, creative nonfiction, and drama as well as multi-modal works exploring the electronci possibilities as well as the traditions of the best in print journals.

The Broome Review http://www.thebroomereview.com/Home_Page.html

Collected Stories http://www.collectedstories.com (This has links to lots of online places that publish fiction)

Contrary Magazine http://www.contrarymagazine.com/Contrary/Autumn-2007.html

Ep;phany http://www.epiphanyzine.com

The Hamilton Stone Review http://www.hamiltonstone.org/hsr.html

jmww http://jmww.150m.com/ Online lit zine-- reads all year round.

The King's English This magazine wants long essays and novellas!

Land Grant Colleges Review http://www.land-grantcollegereview.com

Mountain Echoes http://www.mountainechoes.com

Mystic Review http://acarts.org/mystic

The New Ohio Review http://www.ohio.edu/nor/

Passager at www.passagerpress.com has as mission to publish writing that brings to light the collective imagination of those who are over 50.

Peeks and Valleys: A Southern Journal has a focus on short fiction: http://www.peeksandvalleys.com/index.

The Pedestal Magazine http://www.thepedestalmagazine.com

Perigee is an online journal of fiction and poetry, up to 5,000 words for fiction. It's at http://www.perigee-art .

Persimmon Tree at http://persimmontree publishes literary work by women over 60.

Pif Magazine www.Pifmagazine.com

Prick of the Spindle http://www.prickofthespindle.com

The Rambler http://www.ramblermagazine.com/

Raving Dove http://ravingdove.

R.KV.R.Y. http://www.ninetymeetingsinninetydays.com/ Poetry and Fiction, theme of "recovery" in broadest sense.

The Rose & Thorn Literary E-zine http://www.theroseandthornezine.com/

rumble (publishes micro-fiction)

Salt River Review http://www.poetsersv.org/

Steam Ticket http://www.steamticket.

Storyglossia http://www.storyglossia.com/front.html

Story South You need a Southern Connection.

Terrain.Org http://www.terrain

Tin House http://www.tinhouse.com/

Upstreet: a Literary Magazine http://www.upstreet-mag.org/

Vestal Review Flash fiction only.

Women Writers http://www.womenwriters.net/index.html

Shelley Ettinger's list of Markets for Writers of Literary Short Fiction

Shelley Ettinger sent information from the Poets & Writers' Speakeasy discussion board where some writers listed fiction markets by degree of impossibility of getting published in them. She points out that it is not comprehensive (and recommends the fuller list at http://www.newpages.com) but says she likes the way this one breaks it down.

Shelley also recommends Duotrope.com/ , an often-updated service listing markets by category.

I. Too competitive for words:

Atlantic Monthly ( Michael Curtis, fic. ed.) www.theatlantic.com
Harper's (Ben Metcalf, literary ed.) www.harpers.org
Esquire (Adrienne Miller, literary ed.) http://www.esquire.com/about
GQ http://us.gq.com
Ms. www.msmagazine.com
The New Yorker (Deborah Treisman, fic. ed.) www.newyorker.com
Playboy (Christopher Napolitano) http://www.playboy.com/...tion-guidelines.html

II. Ultra Competitive:

DoubleTake www.doubletakemagazine.org/
Granta (Ian Jack, ed., London) www.granta.com/about/contacts
Glimmer Train, www.glimmertrain.com
McSweeny's www.mcsweeneys.net/
The Oxford American (Southern writers/themes) www.oxfordamericanmag.com/
Paris Review (Brigid Hughes) http://parisreview.com/
Ploughshares (guest editors) www.pshares.org/index.cfm
The Sun (Sy Safransky, ed. www.thesunmagazine.org
The Threepenny Review (Wendy Lesser, ed) www.threepennyreview.com/
Tin House (Rob Spillman, ed.) http://tinhouse.com
Zoetrope www.all-story.com

III. Very very competitive:

Agni www.bu.edu/agni/
Antioch Review www.antioch.edu/review/
Boulevard www.richardburgin.com/boulevard.htm
Conjunctions www.conjunctions.com
Epoch www.arts.cornell.edu/english/epoch.html
Georgia Review www.uga.edu/garev/
Gettysburg Review www.gettysburg.edu/academics/gettysburg_review
Iowa Review www.uiowa.edu/%7Eiareview/mainpages/tirweb.html
Kenyon Review (Nancy Zafris, fic. ed.) www.kenyonreview.org
Michigan Quarterly Review www.umich.edu/~mqr/index.html
Missouri Review (Speer Morgan, ed.) www.missourireview.org/
New England Review http://cat.middlebury.edu/~nereview
North American Review www.webdelsol.com/NorthAmReview/NAR
Ontario Review www.ontarioreviewpress.com/review/home/hm_index.html
Prairie Schooner www.unl.edu/schooner/psmain.htm
Southern Review http://appl003.lsu.edu/...hernreview.nsf/index
Tri-Quarterly (Northwestern U) www.triquarterly.org/
Virginia Quarterly Review (Ted Genoways) www.virginia.edu/vqr/
Zyzzyva (West Coast writers; Howard Junker, ed.) www.zyzzyva.org/

IV. Darn Competitive:

Alaska Quarterly Review http://aqr.uaa.alaska.edu/
Another Chicago Magazine www.anotherchicagomag.com/
Bellingham Review www.ac.wwu.edu/~bhreview/
Beloit Fiction Journal www.beloit.edu/~english/bfjournal.htm
Bellevue Literary Review www.blreview.org/
Black Warrior Review http://webdelsol.com/bwr/
Blue Mesa Review http://www.unm.edu/~bluemesa/
Chicago Review http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/
Boston Review www.bostonreview.net/aboutBR.html
Carolina Quarterly www.unc.edu/depts/cqonline/
Cimarron Review http://cimarronreview.okstate.edu/
Colorado Review www.coloradoreview.com/
Conjunctions www.conjunctions.com/njhome.htm
Cutbank www.umt.edu/cutbank/
Denver Quarterly www.denverquarterly.com/
Fiction (Mark Mirsky, ed) www.fictioninc.com/
Fiction International http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/press/fi/
Fiddlehead www.fiddlehead.ca/
Five Points (Ga. SU) www.webdelsol.com/Five_Points/
Greensboro Review www.uncg.edu/eng/mfa/review/review.htm Gulf Coast www.gulfcoastmag.org/index.html Harvard Rev http://hcl.harvard.edu/...tments/harvardreview
Hayden's Ferry www.asu.edu/clas/pipercwcenter/publications/haydensferryreview
Indiana Review http://www.indiana.edu/~inreview/ir.html
The Journal www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/english/journals/the_journal/
Land Grant College Review www.land-grantcollegereview.com/index.php
Literal Latte www.literal-latte.com/
The Literary Review www.theliteraryreview.org/
Malahat Review http://web.uvic.ca/malahat/
Manoa www.hawaii.edu/mjournal/
The Massachusetts Review www.massreview.org/
Meridian www.engl.virginia.edu/meridian/
Mid-American Review www.bgsu.edu/studentlife/organizations/midamericanreview
New Orleans Review http://www.loyno.edu/~noreview/
Nimrod www.utulsa.edu/nimrod/
Open City www.opencity.org/main.html
Phoebe www.gmu.edu/pubs/phoebe/main.html
Puerto del Sol www.nmsu.edu/%7Epuerto/welcome.html
Quarterly West www.webdelsol.com/Quarterly_West Seattle Review http://depts.washington.edu/engl/seaview1.html
Sewanee Review www.sewanee.edu/sreview/home.html
Shenandoah http://shenandoah.wlu.edu/
Stand Magazine www.people.vcu.edu/~dlatane/stand.html
Swink (new, Leelila Strogov, ed.) www.swinkmag.com
Western Humanities Review www.hum.utah.edu/whr/
Witness www.occ.cc.mi.us/witness/ Yale Review www.yale.edu/yalereview/

V. Still plenty competitive:

American Literary Review www.engl.unt.edu/alr/index.html
Ascent www.cord.edu/dept/english/ascent/
Crab Orchard Review www.siu.edu/~crborchd/
Crab Tree Review www.crabcreekreview.org/
Cream City Review www.uwm.edu/Dept/English/ccr/index2.html
Crescent Review www.crescentreview.org/
Florida Review www.flreview.com/
Global City Review http://webdelsol.com/globalcityreview/
Nebraska Review www.unomaha.edu/~fineart/wworkshop/subm.htm
New Letters www.newletters.org/
New Delta Review http://english.lsu.edu/journals/ndr
Ninth Letter www.ninthletter.com
North Dakota Quarterly www.und.nodak.edu/org/ndq/
Notre Dame Review www.nd.edu/~ndr/review.htm
Other Voices www.uic.edu/depts/engl/othervoices/index.html
Painted Bride Quarterly http://webdelsol.com/pbq/
Potomac Review www.montgomerycollege.edu/potomacreview/index.html
Small Spiral Notebook www.smallspiralnotebook.com/
South Carolina Review www.clemson.edu/caah/cedp/scrintro.htm
South Dakota Review www.usd.edu/sdreview/
Spinning Jenny www.blackdresspress.com/
Southeast Review www.english.fsu.edu/southeastreview/default.htm
Southwest Review www.southwestreview.org/
Sycamore Review www.sla.purdue.edu/academic/engl/sycamore/
Tampa Review http://tampareview.utampa.edu/
Third Coast www.wmich.edu/thirdcoast/
West Branch www.bucknell.edu/About_Bucknell/Publications/West_Branch/

VI. Web magazines (many paper mags also publish larger web versions.):

www.blackbird.vcu.edu;
www.collectedstories.com ;
www.Pifmagazine.com;
www.vestalreview.net;
www.vorticalmag.com

A Selection of Prose Narrative Books...

...recommended by my friends and students as exemplary and worthy of enjoyment and even study:

What I Loved Siri Hustredt "Innovative Book of Ideas"

The Time Traveller's Wife Audrey Nuffeneger "Brilliant handling of flash forward and flash back and point of view"

The Glass Castle

The Case of the Dog in the Night "Excellent consistent voice"

Vernon God Little

The World According to Garp "John Irving"

King Kong on East 4th Street "Social Study Lower East Side in 80's"

100 Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Black Swan Green David Mitchell

Three Junes Julia Glass

The Secret History Donna Tratt

Cat's Eye Margaret Atwood

Possession A.s. Byatt

The Wind Up Bird Chronicle Murakai "Freedom to be imaginative"

Nine Stories J.D. Salinger "Simplicity in setting up complex characters"

Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte "Just Perfect"

THe Eyre Affair Jasper Fford "This is jsut for fun i fyou love Jane Eure"

Thank you for Smoking Christopher Buckley

Special Topics in Calamity Physics Marisha Pessl "Clever literary murder mystery"

The Alchemist Paulo Cochlo

Woman Warrior Maxine Hong Kingston

Featured Book

Quilt Pieces , a new edition of the 1990 chapbook with poems by Jane Wilson Joyce and Meredith Sue Willis's
most anthologized short story, "Family Knots."

....the story “Family Knots” by novelist Meredith Sue Willis sketches the life of a turn-of-the-century quilt artist who succeeded in blooming where she was planted in rural Appalachia. With determination and daring she pieces her way though difficult relationships, heavy responsibilities, and changing times, always searching for elusive scraps of color that will bring her dreams and patterns to life. Give yourself a gift of renewal in the jewel of a book.

                                      -- Carol Crowley, Quilter’s Newsletter Magazine

For those who love quilts, for those who love accomplished writing, and for those who love both, this small book will come as a gift.


                                                                        – Sojourner

...a short, comforting, poignant reading, much like the experience of the piecing, quilting, and family stitchery the work describes.

                                                                — Ann Kilkelly, Ace Magazine

Order directly from the publisher for
$12.50 plus $2.00 to help with postage:

GNOMON PRESS
P.O. Box 475
Frankfort, KY 40602-0475

Subscribe to Meredith Sue Willis's Free Newsletter
for Readers and Writers:

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Meredith Sue Willis

Author and Teacher

If you have suggestions, corrections, or updates, or if you find broken links, please e-mail MeredithSueWillis@gmail.com

Contents:

Contests to watch out for

Resources for Writers

For information about MSW's online writing classes, go to mswclasses

SPECIAL PRICES ON FEATURED BOOK

Dear Writer,

There is a lot of good material on the web and also lots of good books about writing. Explore, have fun, and good luck--

The back pages of these two publications have information about contests, literary magazines, and many other matters of interest to writers:

Poets & Writers Magazine Poets & Writers 72 Spring Street New York, NY 10012 http://www.pw.org/

Writers Chronicle Associated Writing Programs Tallwood House Mail Stop IE3 George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030 http://www.awpwriter.org/

For more commercially oriented information, try:

The Writer Magazine http://www.writermag.com/wrt/ And

Writers Digest 1507 Dana Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45207 http://www.writersdigest.com/

You might also want to take a look at

Also useful is Writers Digest's yearly publication Writer's Market.

Writers' Conferences

Start with the listings at NewPagesat http://www.newpages.com/writing-conferences/ Or the Associated Writing Programs list at http://writersconf.org/

Copyright information:

Free advice for writers:

(By the way, I don't necessarily agree with all this advice, but it's fun to read!)

Elmore Leonard's Ten Rules of Writing

Here's a free article from Book Doctor Carol Gaskin called "The Top Five Errors of New Writers." Click here for article.

Sol Stein (editor, novelist, teacher, developer of how-to-write software) shares advice he gave famous writers.

Vonda McIntyre the science fiction writer has some wonderful, funny pitfalls of novel writing at http://www.sff.net/people/Vonda/Pitfalls.htp

Improving your style

Places to Study Writing

Sources of Literature Online

Quotations: Mostly Writers on Writing: